skip-list

文章目录

联创考试的时候让学跳表,学了以下。

跟 $k$ 有关的操作可以查indexed skip list之类的?

写了好久(摔!

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#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
#include <climits>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#define MAXLEVEL 15
struct Random {//一个创造随机级别的结构体
Random() {
srand((int)time(NULL));
}
int makeRandomInt(int higher) {//产生一个在[1, higher]之间的级别
int re=1;
while(re<higher) {
if(rand()%10<5) re++;
else break;
}
return re;
}
}randomInt;
struct SkipList {
struct Node {
int key;
struct Level { //每一个节点都有指向每一层的前向指针
Node *forward;
int width;//每条线多长
}level[MAXLEVEL];
};
int level;//跳表的高度
int length;//总共多少个
Node *header;
Node * createNode(int itsLevel, int key) {
Node *node=(Node *)malloc(sizeof(*node));
// printf("%d\n", sizeof(*node));
node->key = key;
return node;
}
SkipList() {
level = 1;
header = createNode(MAXLEVEL, 0);
for(int i=0; i<MAXLEVEL; i++) {
header->level[i].forward = NULL;
header->level[i].width = 0;
}
}
Node *findNode(int key) {//辅助函数,找到node
Node *node=header;
for(int i=level-1; i>=0; i--) {
while(node->level[i].forward!=NULL && key>node->level[i].forward->key)
node = node->level[i].forward;
}
if(node->level[0].forward!=NULL && node->level[0].forward->key==key) {
return node->level[0].forward;
}
else return NULL;
}
void insert(int key) {
if(findNode(key)) {
printf("错误!请不要重复插入相同的数字,您的这次插入无效。\n");
return ;
}
int itsLevel=randomInt.makeRandomInt(MAXLEVEL);
int stepsAtMove[MAXLEVEL];
memset(stepsAtMove, 0, sizeof(stepsAtMove));
Node *behinds[MAXLEVEL];//每一层刚好被node卡在后头的那个节点
Node *node=header;
for(int i=level-1; i>=0; i--) {
while(node->level[i].forward!=NULL && key>node->level[i].forward->key) {

stepsAtMove[i] += node->level[i].width;
node = node->level[i].forward;

}
behinds[i] = node;
}
node = createNode(itsLevel, key);
// printf("%p\n", node);
if(itsLevel>level) {
for(int i=level; i<itsLevel; i++) behinds[i] = header;
level = itsLevel;
}
int steps=0;
for(int i=0; i<level; i++) {
node->level[i].forward = behinds[i]->level[i].forward;
behinds[i]->level[i].forward = node;
node->level[i].width = behinds[i]->level[i].width-steps;//behinds到node那个点在上一层差下多少steps
behinds[i]->level[i].width = steps + 1;
steps += stepsAtMove[i];
}
for(int i=level; i<MAXLEVEL; i++)
header->level[i].width++;
length++;
printf("插入成功。\n");
}
void dele(int key) {//还没更新width
if(findNode(key)==NULL) {
printf("错误!您不能删除一个不存在的数。\n");
return ;
}
Node *behinds[MAXLEVEL];//每一层刚好被node卡在后头的那个节点
Node *node=header;
// printf("%d as level\n", level);
for(int i=level-1; i>=0; i--) {
while(node->level[i].forward!=NULL && key>node->level[i].forward->key) {
node = node->level[i].forward;
}
behinds[i] = node;
// printf("behinds%d: %p\n", i, behinds[i]);
}
node = node->level[0].forward;
for(int i=0; i<level; i++) {
if(behinds[i]->level[i].forward==node) {
behinds[i]->level[i].width = behinds[i]->level[i].forward->level[i].width - 1;
behinds[i]->level[i].forward = node->level[i].forward;
}
}
for(int i=level; i<MAXLEVEL; i++) header->level[i].width--;
while(level>1 && header->level[level-1].forward==NULL) level--;
free(node);
length--;
printf("删除成功!\n");
}
int findkth(int key) {
Node *node=header;
for(int i=level-1; i>=0; i--) {
while(node->level[i].forward && key>=node->level[i].width) {
key -= node->level[i].width;
node = node->level[i].forward;
}
}
return node->key;
}
void whichRank(int key) {
if(findNode(key)==NULL) {
printf("这个数不存在!\n");
return ;
}
int steps=0;
Node *node=header;
for(int i=level-1; i>=0; i--) {
while(node->level[i].forward && key>node->level[i].forward->key) {
steps += node->level[i].width;
node = node->level[i].forward;
}
}
printf("%d是第%d大。\n", key, steps+1);
}
void whichAfter(int key) {
Node *re=findNode(key);
if(re==NULL) printf("您给的数字不存在!\n");
else if(re->level[0].forward==NULL) printf("%d的后继不存在!\n", key);
else printf("%d的后继是%d。\n", key, re->level[0].forward->key);
}
void query(int l, int r) {
printf("符合条件的有:[ ");
Node *node=header;
for(int i=level-1; i>=0; i--) {
while(node->level[i].forward && l>node->level[i].forward->key) {
node = node->level[i].forward;
}
}
node = node->level[0].forward;
while(node!=NULL && node->key>=l && node->key<=r) {
printf("%d ", node->key);
node = node->level[0].forward;
}
printf("]。\n");
}
void rangeDele(int l, int r) {
Node *node=header;
for(int i=level-1; i>=0; i--) {
while(node->level[i].forward && l>node->level[i].forward->key) {
node = node->level[i].forward;
}
}
node = node->level[0].forward;
while(node!=NULL && node->key>=l && node->key<=r) {
Node *nxt=node->level[0].forward;
dele(node->key);
node = nxt;
}
}
}skipList;
int main() {
printf("欢迎来到跳表测试!请按规定输入指令,否则会造成不可预料的错误!\n请输入数字代号并按下回车进行操作。\n");
printf("1:插入一个数\n");
printf("2:删除一个数\n");
printf("3:查看第k大的数字\n");
printf("4:查看一个数是第几大\n");
printf("5:询问一个数的后继\n");
printf("6:输出一个区间里存在的数字\n");
printf("7:删除一个区间里存在的数字\n");
printf("8:结束\n");
while(true) {
int opr, usr, rsu;
printf("请输入数字代号:");
std::cin>>opr;
switch(opr) {
case 1:
printf("请输入你想要插入的数k:\n");
std::cin>>usr;
skipList.insert(usr);
break;
case 2:
printf("请输入你想要删除的数k:\n");
std::cin>>usr;
skipList.dele(usr);
break;
case 3:
printf("你想要查看第几大的数字?请输入:\n");
std::cin>>usr;
if(usr>skipList.length) printf("当前没有这么多数字,本次操作无效。\n");
else printf("第%d大的数字是%d。\n", usr, skipList.findkth(usr));
break;
case 4:
printf("你想查看谁是第几大?请输入:\n");
std::cin>>usr;
skipList.whichRank(usr);
break;
case 5:
printf("你想查看谁的后继?请输入:\n");
std::cin>>usr;
skipList.whichAfter(usr);
break;
case 6:
printf("请输入区间左右端点(中间用空格分开):\n");
std::cin>>usr>>rsu;
skipList.query(usr, rsu);
break;
case 7:
printf("请输入区间左右端点(中间用空格分开):\n");
std::cin>>usr>>rsu;
skipList.rangeDele(usr, rsu);
break;
case 8: return 0; break;
default: break;
}
}
return 0;
}